【高雄市林園區】房價走勢圖表&分析

批踢踢 PTT 熱心鄉民,親自整理【高雄市林園區】實價登錄資料,製作最公正圖表!

🔥2024年第一季最新數據🔥

每坪單價 - 中位數
18.5萬元
每坪單價 - 季增率
31.2%
每坪單價 - 年增率
23%
成交量 - 總筆數
29筆*
成交量 - 季增率
-19.4%*
成交量 - 年增率
7.4%*
◆ 圖表作者:站長阿川
◆ 原始資料筆數:1,339
◆ 資料來源:內政部實價登錄系統
◆ 圖表製作時間:2024-05-20 03:10
◆ 資料只挑選「大眾主流產品」,請參考下方篩選方式
◆ 「大眾主流產品」的定義靈感:阿川參考「台南市不動產估價師公會」新聞稿
◆ 資料篩選:成屋、總面積 20-70 坪、2 樓以上、型態:公寓/華廈/住宅大樓、排除:特殊關係間之交易/毛胚屋/地上權房屋
◆ 正確性驗證:請到實價登錄系統,使用相同條件搜尋,資料筆數應該要接近 1,339,且會看到防呆資料
◆ 防呆資料:高雄市林園區溪州三路373巷63號五樓之3,交易日期 113/03/28(阿川製作圖表時,在實價登錄看到的首筆資料)
◆ 發現圖表問題:如果發現圖表有錯誤、資料筆數對不上,代表阿川製圖過程手殘、失誤,請聯絡阿川回報,謝謝
{
    "2012": {
        "avg": 35588,
        "mdn": 36836.5,
        "num": 14
    },
    "2013": {
        "avg": 38366,
        "mdn": 40169,
        "num": 69
    },
    "2014": {
        "avg": 40509,
        "mdn": 39088,
        "num": 69
    },
    "2015": {
        "avg": 46751,
        "mdn": 47157,
        "num": 63
    },
    "2016": {
        "avg": 46919,
        "mdn": 44321,
        "num": 69
    },
    "2017": {
        "avg": 52335,
        "mdn": 54506,
        "num": 69
    },
    "2018": {
        "avg": 87378,
        "mdn": 72149,
        "num": 84
    },
    "2019": {
        "avg": 112918,
        "mdn": 136868,
        "num": 142
    },
    "2020": {
        "avg": 116802,
        "mdn": 134678.5,
        "num": 178
    },
    "2021": {
        "avg": 134621,
        "mdn": 150011,
        "num": 297
    },
    "2022": {
        "avg": 121896,
        "mdn": 104847,
        "num": 105
    },
    "2023": {
        "avg": 156304,
        "mdn": 181376,
        "num": 151
    },
    "2024": {
        "avg": 164893,
        "mdn": 185171,
        "num": 29
    }
}

【高雄市林園區】房價走勢圖表&分析(按年劃分)

平均數 漲跌幅 百分比 中位數 漲跌幅 百分比 成交量 漲跌幅 百分比
2024 16.49 +0.86 +5.5% 18.52 +0.38 +2.09% 29 -122 -80.79%
2023 15.63 +3.44 +28.23% 18.14 +7.65 +72.99% 151 +46 +43.81%
2022 12.19 -1.27 -9.45% 10.48 -4.52 -30.11% 105 -192 -64.65%
2021 13.46 +1.78 +15.26% 15 +1.53 +11.38% 297 +119 +66.85%
2020 11.68 +0.39 +3.44% 13.47 -0.22 -1.6% 178 +36 +25.35%
2019 11.29 +2.55 +29.23% 13.69 +6.47 +89.7% 142 +58 +69.05%
2018 8.74 +3.5 +66.96% 7.21 +1.76 +32.37% 84 +15 +21.74%
2017 5.23 +0.54 +11.54% 5.45 +1.02 +22.98% 69 0 0%
2016 4.69 +0.02 +0.36% 4.43 -0.28 -6.01% 69 +6 +9.52%
2015 4.68 +0.62 +15.41% 4.72 +0.81 +20.64% 63 -6 -8.7%
2014 4.05 +0.21 +5.59% 3.91 -0.11 -2.69% 69 0 0%
2013 3.84 +0.28 +7.81% 4.02 +0.33 +9.05% 69 +55 +392.86%
2012 3.56 - - 3.68 - - 14 - -

【高雄市林園區】房價走勢圖表&分析(按季劃分)

平均數 漲跌幅 百分比 中位數 漲跌幅 百分比 成交量 漲跌幅 百分比
2024-S1 16.49 +2.15 +15.01% 18.52 +4.4 +31.2% 29 -7 -19.44%
2023-S4 14.34 -3.34 -18.89% 14.11 -6.12 -30.25% 36 -20 -35.71%
2023-S3 17.68 +2.64 +17.55% 20.24 +1.99 +10.92% 56 +24 +75%
2023-S2 15.04 +1.22 +8.86% 18.24 +3.19 +21.16% 32 +5 +18.52%
2023-S1 13.81 -0.53 -3.68% 15.06 -0.58 -3.69% 27 -4 -12.9%
2022-S4 14.34 +3.64 +34.08% 15.64 +6.51 +71.27% 31 +7 +29.17%
2022-S3 10.7 -0.93 -8.01% 9.13 +0.12 +1.36% 24 -6 -20%
2022-S2 11.63 +0.14 +1.22% 9.01 -3.18 -26.09% 30 +10 +50%
2022-S1 11.49 -3.04 -20.93% 12.19 -3.1 -20.28% 20 -98 -83.05%
2021-S4 14.53 +1.74 +13.64% 15.29 -0.14 -0.88% 118 +82 +227.78%
2021-S3 12.79 +0.53 +4.32% 15.42 +2 +14.94% 36 -18 -33.33%
2021-S2 12.26 -0.8 -6.09% 13.42 -0.78 -5.5% 54 -35 -39.33%
2021-S1 13.05 +1.58 +13.81% 14.2 +1.08 +8.23% 89 +43 +93.48%
2020-S4 11.47 -0.35 -2.93% 13.12 -0.56 -4.12% 46 -3 -6.12%
2020-S3 11.81 +1.33 +12.69% 13.68 +1.41 +11.48% 49 +10 +25.64%
2020-S2 10.48 -2.33 -18.18% 12.27 -1.3 -9.59% 39 -5 -11.36%
2020-S1 12.81 +0.55 +4.48% 13.57 -0.89 -6.14% 44 -2 -4.35%
2019-S4 12.26 +0.98 +8.68% 14.46 +0.73 +5.3% 46 +2 +4.55%
2019-S3 11.28 +1.7 +17.73% 13.74 +5.43 +65.39% 44 +23 +109.52%
2019-S2 9.59 -1.43 -12.97% 8.3 -4.9 -37.13% 21 -10 -32.26%
2019-S1 11.01 +1.43 +14.96% 13.21 +4.58 +53.17% 31 +12 +63.16%
2018-S4 9.58 +0.27 +2.94% 8.62 -1.59 -15.57% 19 -7 -26.92%
2018-S3 9.31 +1.58 +20.48% 10.21 +3.88 +61.15% 26 +3 +13.04%
2018-S2 7.73 -0.54 -6.51% 6.34 -0.86 -11.93% 23 +7 +43.75%
2018-S1 8.26 +2.54 +44.33% 7.2 +1.55 +27.41% 16 -3 -15.79%
2017-S4 5.73 +1.05 +22.54% 5.65 +1.15 +25.47% 19 +4 +26.67%
2017-S3 4.67 -0.53 -10.12% 4.5 -0.97 -17.72% 15 -3 -16.67%
2017-S2 5.2 -0.02 -0.31% 5.47 -0.18 -3.22% 18 +1 +5.88%
2017-S1 5.22 -0.24 -4.42% 5.65 +0.12 +2.12% 17 -5 -22.73%
2016-S4 5.46 +0.93 +20.63% 5.54 +1.14 +25.93% 22 +1 +4.76%
2016-S3 4.52 +0.38 +9.21% 4.4 +0.37 +9.27% 21 +6 +40%
2016-S2 4.14 -0.1 -2.25% 4.02 +0.34 +9.36% 15 +4 +36.36%
2016-S1 4.24 -0.52 -10.86% 3.68 -1.04 -22% 11 -2 -15.38%
2015-S4 4.75 -0.22 -4.37% 4.72 -0.11 -2.24% 13 -9 -40.91%
2015-S3 4.97 +0.66 +15.38% 4.82 +0.43 +9.8% 22 +8 +57.14%
2015-S2 4.31 -0.2 -4.42% 4.39 -0.04 -0.79% 14 0 0%
2015-S1 4.51 +0.51 +12.78% 4.43 +0.67 +17.75% 14 -1 -6.67%
2014-S4 4 -0.06 -1.54% 3.76 -0.62 -14.07% 15 -1 -6.25%
2014-S3 4.06 +0.13 +3.27% 4.38 +0.88 +25.15% 16 -1 -5.88%
2014-S2 3.93 -0.25 -6.01% 3.5 -0.41 -10.53% 17 -4 -19.05%
2014-S1 4.18 -0.29 -6.46% 3.91 -0.45 -10.23% 21 +1 +5%
2013-S4 4.47 +0.84 +23.16% 4.35 +0.57 +14.93% 20 +7 +53.85%
2013-S3 3.63 +0.15 +4.27% 3.79 +0.52 +15.99% 13 -12 -48%
2013-S2 3.48 -0.26 -6.84% 3.27 -0.28 -7.95% 25 +14 +127.27%
2013-S1 3.74 +1.02 +37.54% 3.55 +1.53 +76.22% 11 +4 +57.14%
2012-S4 2.72 -1.68 -38.27% 2.01 -2.18 -51.93% 7 0 0%
2012-S3 4.4 - - 4.19 - - 7 - -

【高雄市林園區】房價走勢圖表&分析(按月劃分)

平均數 漲跌幅 百分比 中位數 漲跌幅 百分比 成交量 漲跌幅 百分比
2024-03 16.42 -0.07 -0.45% 17.13 -3.14 -15.49% 6 -1 -14.29%
2024-02 16.49 -0.02 -0.14% 20.27 +1.84 +9.96% 7 -9 -56.25%
2024-01 16.52 -0.23 -1.39% 18.43 +0.04 +0.24% 16 +7 +77.78%
2023-12 16.75 +5.11 +43.88% 18.39 +8.89 +93.55% 9 -8 -47.06%
2023-11 11.64 -5.11 -30.51% 9.5 -9.49 -49.97% 17 +7 +70%
2023-10 16.75 +0.51 +3.13% 18.99 +1.58 +9.07% 10 0 0%
2023-09 16.24 -0.13 -0.8% 17.41 -0.9 -4.92% 10 -3 -23.08%
2023-08 16.37 -2.25 -12.1% 18.31 -2.13 -10.43% 13 -20 -60.61%
2023-07 18.63 +4.54 +32.27% 20.44 +10.12 +98% 33 +24 +266.67%
2023-06 14.08 -1.6 -10.18% 10.33 -9.93 -49.02% 9 -1 -10%
2023-05 15.68 +0.47 +3.1% 20.25 +2.34 +13.04% 10 -3 -23.08%
2023-04 15.21 +1.78 +13.27% 17.92 +2.86 +19% 13 0 0%
2023-03 13.43 +0.92 +7.34% 15.06 +4.05 +36.73% 13 +6 +85.71%
2023-02 12.51 -3.33 -21.05% 11.01 -6.91 -38.54% 7 0 0%
2023-01 15.84 +4.37 +38.07% 17.92 +7.94 +79.64% 7 -3 -30%
2022-12 11.47 -6.24 -35.22% 9.97 -9.45 -48.66% 10 +1 +11.11%
2022-11 17.71 +3.51 +24.69% 19.43 +4.31 +28.53% 9 -3 -25%
2022-10 14.2 +4.92 +53% 15.12 +7.72 +104.28% 12 +4 +50%
2022-09 9.28 -3.14 -25.26% 7.4 -2.2 -22.95% 8 -2 -20%
2022-08 12.42 +2.71 +27.96% 9.6 +1.03 +12.08% 10 +4 +66.67%
2022-07 9.71 -0.67 -6.41% 8.57 +0.31 +3.81% 6 -7 -53.85%
2022-06 10.37 -0.55 -5.01% 8.25 +0.35 +4.48% 13 +4 +44.44%
2022-05 10.92 -3.55 -24.52% 7.9 -9.27 -53.98% 9 +1 +12.5%
2022-04 14.47 +9.59 +196.38% 17.16 +12.73 +286.72% 8 +5 +166.67%
2022-03 4.88 -3.24 -39.91% 4.44 -1.72 -27.99% 3 -2 -40%
2022-02 8.12 -6.42 -44.14% 6.16 -9.38 -60.36% 5 -7 -58.33%
2022-01 14.54 +3 +26.04% 15.55 +0.94 +6.45% 12 -4 -25%
2021-12 11.54 -3.71 -24.35% 14.6 -0.67 -4.42% 16 -39 -70.91%
2021-11 15.25 +0.55 +3.74% 15.28 -0.06 -0.37% 55 +8 +17.02%
2021-10 14.7 +1.96 +15.41% 15.33 +0.31 +2.04% 47 +32 +213.33%
2021-09 12.74 +1.36 +11.93% 15.03 -0.66 -4.22% 15 +8 +114.29%
2021-08 11.38 -2.15 -15.92% 15.69 +0.18 +1.17% 7 -7 -50%
2021-07 13.54 -0.72 -5.08% 15.51 +0.38 +2.54% 14 -1 -6.67%
2021-06 14.26 +3.03 +26.93% 15.12 +2.61 +20.88% 15 -1 -6.25%
2021-05 11.24 -0.42 -3.63% 12.51 -0.88 -6.56% 16 -7 -30.43%
2021-04 11.66 -1.01 -8% 13.39 -0.78 -5.48% 23 -12 -34.29%
2021-03 12.67 -1.57 -11.01% 14.17 -0.3 -2.09% 35 0 0%
2021-02 14.24 +2.68 +23.22% 14.47 +1.51 +11.64% 35 +16 +84.21%
2021-01 11.56 -0.5 -4.16% 12.96 -0.14 -1.09% 19 -2 -9.52%
2020-12 12.06 +1.51 +14.35% 13.1 -0.05 -0.36% 21 +11 +110%
2020-11 10.55 -0.71 -6.31% 13.15 -0.22 -1.61% 10 -5 -33.33%
2020-10 11.26 -0.98 -8.01% 13.36 +0.05 +0.36% 15 -6 -28.57%
2020-09 12.24 -1.78 -12.7% 13.32 -0.98 -6.84% 21 +9 +75%
2020-08 14.01 +4.4 +45.81% 14.29 +6.96 +94.79% 12 -4 -25%
2020-07 9.61 +0.86 +9.88% 7.34 -0.06 -0.86% 16 +3 +23.08%
2020-06 8.75 -2.86 -24.66% 7.4 -7.33 -49.75% 13 +6 +85.71%
2020-05 11.61 +0.35 +3.14% 14.73 +1.16 +8.54% 7 -12 -63.16%
2020-04 11.26 -2.08 -15.61% 13.57 -0.02 -0.18% 19 -10 -34.48%
2020-03 13.34 +1.68 +14.43% 13.59 +0.13 +0.94% 29 +21 +262.5%
2020-02 11.66 -0.3 -2.55% 13.47 -1.2 -8.2% 8 +1 +14.29%
2020-01 11.96 -0.42 -3.42% 14.67 +0.18 +1.24% 7 -7 -50%
2019-12 12.38 +0.46 +3.86% 14.49 -0 -0% 14 -2 -12.5%
2019-11 11.92 -0.57 -4.58% 14.49 +0.03 +0.2% 16 0 0%
2019-10 12.5 -0.06 -0.49% 14.46 +0.29 +2.02% 16 -16 -50%
2019-09 12.56 +4.13 +48.98% 14.18 +7.34 +107.51% 32 +28 +700%
2019-08 8.43 +0.81 +10.66% 6.83 +0.64 +10.28% 4 -4 -50%
2019-07 7.62 -1.69 -18.18% 6.19 -0.94 -13.18% 8 0 0%
2019-06 9.31 -3.4 -26.74% 7.14 -6.58 -47.99% 8 +3 +60%
2019-05 12.71 +4.8 +60.66% 13.72 +7.61 +124.56% 5 -3 -37.5%
2019-04 7.91 -3.27 -29.26% 6.11 -7.48 -55.03% 8 -11 -57.89%
2019-03 11.18 -0.78 -6.52% 13.59 -0.13 -0.97% 19 +14 +280%
2019-02 11.96 +2.07 +20.95% 13.72 +1.56 +12.87% 5 -2 -28.57%
2019-01 9.89 -2.08 -17.36% 12.16 -1.35 -10.03% 7 -1 -12.5%
2018-12 11.97 +5.01 +72.09% 13.51 +7.99 +144.95% 8 +3 +60%
2018-11 6.95 -1.64 -19.08% 5.52 -2.14 -27.97% 5 -1 -16.67%
2018-10 8.59 -0.82 -8.67% 7.66 -1.78 -18.88% 6 -2 -25%
2018-09 9.41 -0.25 -2.6% 9.44 -1.55 -14.07% 8 +1 +14.29%
2018-08 9.66 +0.65 +7.2% 10.99 +1.34 +13.95% 7 -4 -36.36%
2018-07 9.01 +3.42 +61.1% 9.64 +4.84 +100.87% 11 +5 +83.33%
2018-06 5.59 -1.51 -21.26% 4.8 -1.42 -22.89% 6 -4 -40%
2018-05 7.1 -3.34 -31.97% 6.22 -5.86 -48.48% 10 +3 +42.86%
2018-04 10.44 +0.75 +7.74% 12.08 +0.33 +2.84% 7 0 0%
2018-03 9.69 +2.23 +29.86% 11.75 +4.83 +69.77% 7 +3 +75%
2018-02 7.46 +0.56 +8.08% 6.92 +0.83 +13.57% 4 -1 -20%
2018-01 6.91 +0.78 +12.81% 6.09 -0.07 -1.21% 5 +1 +25%
2017-12 6.12 +0.78 +14.54% 6.17 +0.65 +11.86% 4 -7 -63.64%
2017-11 5.34 -1.04 -16.25% 5.51 -0.54 -8.85% 11 +7 +175%
2017-10 6.38 +2.85 +80.67% 6.05 +2.88 +91.07% 4 0 0%
2017-09 3.53 -1.23 -25.83% 3.17 -1.66 -34.45% 4 -1 -20%
2017-08 4.76 -0.6 -11.15% 4.83 -0.04 -0.81% 5 -1 -16.67%
2017-07 5.36 0 +0.04% 4.87 -0.82 -14.4% 6 +3 +100%
2017-06 5.36 +0.37 +7.36% 5.69 +1.47 +34.86% 3 -7 -70%
2017-05 4.99 -0.53 -9.66% 4.22 -1.28 -23.23% 10 +5 +100%
2017-04 5.52 -0.51 -8.42% 5.49 -0.69 -11.2% 5 -3 -37.5%
2017-03 6.03 +1.27 +26.59% 6.19 +1.53 +32.9% 8 +4 +100%
2017-02 4.76 +0.49 +11.58% 4.66 +0.2 +4.41% 4 -1 -20%
2017-01 4.27 -1.6 -27.26% 4.46 -1.26 -22.09% 5 -4 -44.44%
2016-12 5.87 +2.54 +76.37% 5.72 +2.51 +78.04% 9 +3 +50%
2016-11 3.33 -3.42 -50.67% 3.21 -3.84 -54.41% 6 -1 -14.29%
2016-10 6.75 +1.59 +30.7% 7.05 +2.32 +49.17% 7 +4 +133.33%
2016-09 5.16 +0.88 +20.6% 4.73 +1.45 +44.45% 3 -2 -40%
2016-08 4.28 -0.19 -4.21% 3.27 -1.12 -25.58% 5 -8 -61.54%
2016-07 4.47 +1.44 +47.41% 4.4 +1.6 +57.08% 13 +9 +225%
2016-06 3.03 -1.9 -38.56% 2.8 -2.4 -46.15% 4 -2 -33.33%
2016-05 4.93 +0.86 +20.97% 5.2 +1.17 +29.18% 6 +1 +20%
2016-04 4.08 -0.35 -7.84% 4.02 -0.38 -8.72% 5 -1 -16.67%
2016-03 4.43 +0.33 +8.13% 4.41 +1.43 +48.16% 6 +2 +50%
2016-02 4.09 +0.41 +11.27% 2.97 -0.7 -19.13% 4 +3 +300%
2016-01 3.68 -1.19 -24.45% 3.68 -1.04 -22% 1 -3 -75%
2015-12 4.87 +0.55 +12.71% 4.72 +0.4 +9.17% 4 +2 +100%
2015-11 4.32 -0.49 -10.2% 4.32 -0.6 -12.14% 2 -5 -71.43%
2015-10 4.81 -0.8 -14.19% 4.92 -0.37 -7.07% 7 -4 -36.36%
2015-09 5.61 +1.28 +29.44% 5.29 +1.2 +29.44% 11 +8 +266.67%
2015-08 4.33 -0 -0.09% 4.09 -0.51 -11.1% 3 -5 -62.5%
2015-07 4.33 +0.26 +6.26% 4.6 +0.59 +14.68% 8 +1 +14.29%
2015-06 4.08 -1.03 -20.21% 4.01 -1.21 -23.19% 7 +4 +133.33%
2015-05 5.11 +1.01 +24.61% 5.22 +1.11 +26.9% 3 -1 -25%
2015-04 4.1 -0.15 -3.59% 4.11 -0.05 -1.24% 4 0 0%
2015-03 4.26 +0.63 +17.41% 4.16 +0.27 +7.03% 4 -1 -20%
2015-02 3.62 -1.97 -35.16% 3.89 -2 -33.99% 5 0 0%
2015-01 5.59 +0.47 +9.22% 5.89 +0.95 +19.09% 5 -1 -16.67%
2014-12 5.12 +1.93 +60.67% 4.95 +2.41 +94.66% 6 +3 +100%
2014-11 3.19 -0.09 -2.86% 2.54 -0.58 -18.64% 3 -3 -50%
2014-10 3.28 -0.15 -4.36% 3.13 -0.42 -11.94% 6 0 0%
2014-09 3.43 -0.93 -21.36% 3.55 -0.95 -21.19% 6 +2 +50%
2014-08 4.36 -0.13 -2.82% 4.5 -0.36 -7.37% 4 -2 -33.33%
2014-07 4.49 +0.59 +15.24% 4.86 +1.34 +38.22% 6 -1 -14.29%
2014-06 3.89 -0.52 -11.76% 3.52 -0.7 -16.51% 7 +3 +75%
2014-05 4.41 +0.76 +20.85% 4.21 +0.76 +21.91% 4 -2 -33.33%
2014-04 3.65 -1.51 -29.26% 3.46 -1.01 -22.55% 6 -1 -14.29%
2014-03 5.16 +1.36 +35.74% 4.46 +0.97 +27.68% 7 +3 +75%
2014-02 3.8 +0.16 +4.27% 3.49 +0.47 +15.5% 4 -6 -60%
2014-01 3.65 -1.29 -26.09% 3.03 -2.15 -41.51% 10 +2 +25%
2013-12 4.93 +0.77 +18.55% 5.17 +0.9 +21.06% 8 0 0%
2013-11 4.16 0 +0.08% 4.27 +0.03 +0.76% 8 +4 +100%
2013-10 4.16 +0.34 +8.79% 4.24 +0.81 +23.68% 4 -1 -20%
2013-09 3.82 +0.42 +12.19% 3.43 +0.21 +6.49% 5 +1 +25%
2013-08 3.41 -0.2 -5.62% 3.22 -0.75 -18.94% 4 0 0%
2013-07 3.61 +0.27 +8.22% 3.97 +1.06 +36.47% 4 -2 -33.33%
2013-06 3.34 +0.21 +6.83% 2.91 +0.59 +25.43% 6 -4 -40%
2013-05 3.12 -0.85 -21.42% 2.32 -1.7 -42.24% 10 +1 +11.11%
2013-04 3.97 +0.38 +10.72% 4.02 +0.69 +20.83% 9 +1 +12.5%
2013-03 3.59 +3.59 0% 3.32 +3.32 0% 8 +8 0%
2013-02 0 -4.13 -100% 0 -4.18 -100% 0 -3 -100%
2013-01 4.13 +2.97 +258.11% 4.18 +3.02 +262.34% 3 +1 +50%
2012-12 1.15 -2.12 -64.75% 1.15 -2.87 -71.37% 2 -1 -33.33%
2012-11 3.27 -0.18 -5.28% 4.02 +0.57 +16.61% 3 +1 +50%
2012-10 3.45 -1.88 -35.25% 3.45 -1.26 -26.72% 2 -1 -33.33%
2012-09 5.33 +1.63 +43.93% 4.71 +1.01 +27.25% 3 -1 -25%
2012-08 3.7 - - 3.7 - - 4 - -